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Our Century
1900-1909
1910-1919
1920-1929
1930-1939
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Our Century
A look back at Anacortes’ last 100 years from the pages of the Anacortes American


1910-1919: Enjoying the bounty of nature

Fish, timber fill canneries, mills, workers’ wallets

BY GALE FIEGE MANN
American staff writer

Tons of fish and tons of logs.

The most consistent news of the decade beginning with 1910 was that involving use of the area's natural resources. To those who ran canneries and mills and enjoyed the tremendous boom times, the salmon and the trees must have seemed unending.

The front pages of the Anacortes American are replete with figures listing the board feet or shingles produced and the number of cans shipped. "Anacortes, the 'Gloucester of the Pacific,' puts up more canned salmon than any other place on earth," was the headline of one story.

Salmon was quickly packed by local canneries into silver tins
Indeed, in 1913, Anacortes' six canneries produced 700,000 cases or about 33.6 millions cans of salmon weighing 43 million pounds or 24,500 tons, of which 350 tons was solder and 75 tons were labels. This awesome production could fill 813 railroad cars, a train which would stretch a length of six miles. And if the cans were laid out, they would stretch from Anacortes to Chicago. This production was worth more than $2.5 million, and payrolls from canneries in town totaled around $1.25 million.

Apex Fish figured it was the second largest cannery in the world, and in one day during the 1914 season, one cannery bragged that it processed 50,000 salmon. And salmon wasn't the only fish processed in Anacortes. The Matheson and Robinson codfish schooners made top headlines each year as they headed to Alaska's Bering Sea and when they arrived home with tons of cod.

With boom came the tragedies. Industrial accidents, drownings and fires were frequent in this era. In 1912, Anacortes boys Harvey and Billy Ripley -- their mom already a widow owing to an accident her husband had at work -- drowned in Cranberry Lake when their raft broke up. There were 37 major fires in plants and along city blocks during 1912, and residential fires were a problem, too. One tragic story describes how Mrs. Frank Graham burned to death after fainting over her wood kitchen stove.

Needless to say, the fire department was developing, as were other city services such as the garbage, sewer, water, street lights and roads. Garbage was a problem, and the dump at 12th  and Commercial closed after nearly 800 petitioners asked for its removal. One city councilman suggested the new dump be located at the northeast point of Cap Sante where "there is a good strong tide and everything will be carried away from shore."

Trains and steamers were the main transportation to and from Fidalgo Island. Steamers regularly traveled between Bellingham, Anacortes, Port Townsend and Seattle. Roads improved and with the advent of the auto came plenty of accidents, especially those involving pedestrians.

The Spanish influenza epidemic in 1918 closed schools, the library and theaters from October through December. More than 300 cases of flu were reported and the hospital was crowded with patients, many of whom died.

Of course, the big news of the decade was World War I. Anacortes residents backed the war effort in various ways. Fund-raising efforts for the Red Cross were big as were contributions to Liberty loan bonds, with $150,000 raised in Anacortes in four days in September 1918. More than 400 Fidalgo and Guemes young men registered for the draft. The local home defense league included 43 Civil War veterans. War gardens were planted in unopened thoroughfares and vacant lots. Residents were urged to give up "useless eating," consumption of sugar was limited and 300 signed a pledge to refuse goods from the "huns." Women were "trying on" new vocations packing shingles and wiping railroad engines.

Uncle Sam enlisted the help of shipbuilder Joseph Sloan, who built a new shipyard on Guemes Island and hired crews of hundreds to construct six wooden ocean-going steamers. On Nov. 11, peace was celebrated by a great demonstration in Anacortes, but the end of the war also meant cancellations on mill and shipbuilding jobs. Sloan, who had run for Congress in 1918, ended up losing everything and committing suicide in 1922.

Two native sons, Harry Causland and Harry Johnson, came home from World War I in caskets. Cited for extraordinary heroism, Causland, from Guemes Island, was killed Oct. 25 in France just four months after entering the service and just days before the Armistice. His last letter, dated Oct. 16, 1918, arrived home after he had died. Johnson, the last living child of Anacortes parents who heard of his death four months later,  epitomized the loss from war. Both men are memorialized at Causland Memorial Park (originally Great Northern Park) whose rock walls and gazebo were designed by a Frenchman named LePage and built at a cost of about $6,000.


Prices

1910

  • At Thornburg's children's underwear is 20 cents each, a man's shirt is 95 cents, a work shirt is 38 cents and a suit is $30. A five-room "cottage" at Seventh and L is $1,500.

1911

  • Inland Navigation Co. 25 cents each way to Bellingham
  • pound of baking powder is a quarter

1912

  • Sunday dinner at the cafe in the New Wilson Hotel (the most modern hostelry in the area) is 50 cents... menu includes relishes, soup, sole, chips, peas, apple fritters, and mutton in caper sauce, spring chicken, beef tenderloin or prime rib veal
  • vacuum cleaner is $5

1913

  • "Do your Christmas shopping at home."

1914

  • An eight-reel movie show is 10 cents for children and 20 cents for adults. James O'Neal stars in Dumas' "The Count of Monte Cristo" at the Empire Theater. Charles Chaplin a favorite.
  • Steak is 18 cents a pound and prime rib roast 16 cents a pound. two big cans of pineapple are 35 cents.
  • Ladies coats are $12.50

1917

  • hamburger steak is 2 pounds for 25 cents at the Anacortes Market. Roundtrip to Skagway is $66. City workers earn $2.50 a day for street workers.

1918

  • sauerkraut is 15 cents for a large can.
  • Anacortes to Seattle roundtrip on a steamer costs $2.50

Chronology

1910

Women win the right to vote in the state, and the Women's Christian Temperance Union is the most active group in Anacortes, with a visit by national leader Carrie Nation, "noted saloon smasher."

A tabernacle at Fifth and Q is the site of weeks of nightly evangelistic meetings by the "Drummer Evangelist Osborn." Three hundred "go forward for prayer."

"Busiest and best city on Puget Sound" describes Anacortes, with its big Rhododendron Day and July 4 events.

Anacortes Lumber & Box builds a new dock and Anacortes Glass Co. opens to produce jars. Vincent Shingle Mill cuts 1.5 million shingles a day. And mills endure frequent fires.

Apex, Porter, Alaska Packers fish companies process huge quantities of salmon.

Several convicts escape from the state quarry at Deception Pass.

Census shows Anacortes still leading center of population with 4,168 residents. Mount Vernon had population of only 2,517.

1911

Anacortes Lumber & Box touted as the largest box factory on the Pacific Coast. "Eleven lines of hose and a favorable wind" save the plant from a loss of $10,000 resulting from fire.

Old Oregon Mill ships 6 million board feet to foreign ports.

University of Washington Professor Meany talks about Indian lore at the formal opening of public library, which issues 701 cards in its first year.

The new Great Northern Railroad Depot, built at a cost of $25,000, opens for business June 28.

1912

Dr. Samuel Gordon Brooks opens an office over the candy store.

Salmon cannery production leads all in Puget Sound region, from Blaine to Seattle. Companies include Fidalgo Island, Alaska Packers, Porter Fish, Coast Fish and Apex Fish.

Robinson Fish builds new codfish curing plant. A grand ball raises money to buy new books for public library.

A British steamer loads 600,000 feet of lumber headed for Melbourne, Australia.

A railroad record is set in June with 8.5 million pounds of freight shipped in 30 days. A train wreck a mile from town injures 16.

Robert Johnson is acquitted of manslaughter in the death of his New Wilson Hotel cafe partner, Alexander Austin. They got into a fight at the hotel.

In the election of 1912, W. H. Taft wins in Skagit County, but in the first precinct of Anacortes, the winner isn't the future president Woodrow Wilson, but socialist Eugene V. Debs.

1913

Panama Canal opens and Anacortes joins the celebratory "Big Noise" heard up and down the Pacific Coast. At 11 a.m. Oct. 10, all the mills blow their whistles.

Morrison Bros. buys Fidalgo Lumber Mill for $20,000 and will employ 160 men. Fred Wood plans to build a mill at Burrows Bay and employ 250 men.

Corbett Shingle Mill burns for the second time in three months. It costs $46,620 to run City Hall for a year.

The forerunner of Washington Park, 181 acres, is purchased for the city.

The Havekost monument is erected.

The codfish schooner Alice returns from the Bering Sea with 137,000 fish weighing 400 tons.

School enrollment is 850 students.

Empire Theater opens at Seventh and Commercial to a crowd of 1,400 people on Dec. 22.

Deception Pass ferry takes 150 people on its first run.

The high school football team wins county championship, then goes on to beat Whatcom county champ, Ferndale.

1914

The cultural highlight of the year (and for many years) is the summer arts celebration, the Chautauqua. Eagles buy the site for a lodge at Seventh and Q.

Guemes Island dedicates its community center.

Telephone cable laid to Guemes. Thornburg's store opens at Fifth and Commercial.

Between the tides, Walter Britt swims across Deception Pass. It takes him five minutes to swim the 500 feet.

Water system debates begin (and last years.) Whistle, Heart and Cranberry lakes are all part of the system.

1915

Nine lumber and shingle plants are operating in Anacortes.

Elks dedicate new lodge at Sixth and Q.

More than 1,500 people show up to inspect. High School class of 1915 numbers 15.

Walter Britt swims the Guemes Channel in one hour.

Cannery workers numbering 300 gather at City Hall to protest the employment of Japanese (for lower wages) by local companies.

A race riot nearly ensues. Assistant postmaster F.G. Abby talks gunman out of plot to rob the post office at Sixth and Q.

High school basketball team wins Northwest championship.

1917

U.S. enters World War I and a crowd of 2,500 Anacortesans gather downtown to hear soul-stirring speeches in support of President Wilson's declaration of War.

Sloan Shipbuilding opens on Guemes Island. Cap Sante waterway project funding request is before Congress.

Canneries ready for the "silver hordes."

New motorbus ready for a South Anacortes-Fidalgo route. city to build landing for Guemes Ferry at the foot of Commercial or O.

"China men" and Filipinos fight at canneries. Anacortes American reports of these skirmishes include lots of racist, derogatory language.

Lumber mill workers strike for shorter days. Mill owners say plants run better on 10-hour shifts.

Schooners Alice and Wawona bring home big loads of codfish from Alaska.

1918

The war ends in armistice.

The Old Oregon lumber plant is sold to the Morrison Mill Co. Lack of railroad cars because of war effort means that shingle mills close.

Water system fight heats up between city and Northwest Electric, Power and Water.

Westminster Presbyterian Church dedicated July 1.

Elks sponsor big street dance (Cricket Hop and Molasses Drag) attended by soldiers stationed at Fort Casey.

At a cost of $135,000, the city votes to own its water system and a bond issue pays for the purchase of 1,850 acres of watershed.

1919

W. A. Lowman gets the first airmail letter delivered to Anacortes. W. E. Boeing carries the letter to Lowman in a postal bag he flies from Vancouver, B.C. to Seattle.

Orator William Jennings Bryan, known later for the Scopes Monkey Trial, speaks in Anacortes.

Thousands endorse the establishment of the Roosevelt Highway, the forerunner of Highway 20.

Shingle mill workers strike to be paid 17 cents per thousand for packing and 24 cents per thousand for cutting shingles

The skipper of the schooner Alice is robbed, killed and thrown in the bay for his $1,000 paycheck.

Note: Issues from 1916 were not available. -- G.F.M


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